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<title>Fluidyne engine</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluidyne engine</span></span>

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<p>A <b>Fluidyne engine</b> is an alpha or gamma type <a href="Stirling_engine" title="Stirling engine">Stirling engine</a> with one or more liquid pistons. It contains a working <a href="Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> (often <a href="Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a>), and either two liquid pistons or one liquid piston and a displacer.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The engine was invented in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-orni_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orni_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was patented in 1973 by the <a href="United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority" title="United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority">United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GB1329567_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB1329567-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-orni_2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orni_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engine_operation">Engine operation</h2></div>

<p>Working gas in the engine is heated, and this causes it to expand and push on the water column. This expansion cools the air which contracts, at the same time being pushed back by the weight of the displaced water column. The cycle then repeats.

</p><p>The U-tube version has no moving parts in the engine other than the water and air, although there are two check valves in the pump. This engine operates at a natural resonance cycle that is "tuned" by adjusting the geometry, generally with a "tuning tube" of water.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engine_as_a_pump">Engine as a pump</h2></div>

<p>In the classic configuration, the work produced via the water pistons is integrated with a water pump. The simple pump is external to the engine, and consists of two <a href="Check_valve" title="Check valve">check valves</a>, one on the intake and one on the outlet. In the engine, the loop of oscillating liquid can be thought of as acting as a displacer piston. The liquid in the single tube extending to the pump acts as the power piston. Traditionally the pump is open to the atmosphere, and the hydraulic head is small, so that the absolute engine pressure is close to <a href="Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-orni_2011_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orni_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demonstration_video">Demonstration video</h2></div>

<p>The videos show operation of a U-tube type model Fluidyne engine. Hot pipe is heated by a heat gun, and water column oscillation builds up to a <a href="Steady-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Steady-state">steady-state</a> level. Second video shows a detail of the actual water displacement.

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<ul><li><a href="Humphrey_Pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Humphrey Pump">Humphrey Pump</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRomanelli2019" class="citation journal cs1">Romanelli, Alejandro (2019). "The Fluidyne engine". <i>American Journal of Physics</i>. <b>87</b> (1). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>37. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11100">1812.11100</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AmJPh..87...33R">2019AmJPh..87...33R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1119%2F1.5078518">10.1119/1.5078518</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9505">0002-9505</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119221418">119221418</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-orni_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orni_2011_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orni_2011_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orni_2011_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWest,_C._D.1987" class="citation web cs1">West, C. D. (August 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524122700/http://www.ornl.gov/~webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/27113.pdf">"Stirling Engines, and Irrigation Pumping"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ornl.gov/~webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/27113.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2011</span>. <q>This report was prepared in support of the Renewable Energy Applications and Training Project that is sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development for which ORNL provides technical assistance. It briefly outlines the performance that might be achievable from various kinds of Stirling-engine-driven irrigation pumps. Some emphasis is placed on the very simple liquid-piston engines that have been the subject of research in recent years and are suitable for manufacture in less well-developed countries. In addition to the results quoted here (possible limits on M4 and pumping head for different-size engines and various operating conditions), the method of calculation is described in sufficient detail for engineers to apply the techniques to other Stirling engine designs for comparison.</q></cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iedu.com/Solar/Engines/Fluidyne/TM-10475.html">[1]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-GB1329567-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GB1329567_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19730912&CC=GB&NR=1329567A&KC=A#">GB1329567 (A) - STIRLING CYCLE HEAT ENGINES</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWest,_C._D.1983" class="citation book cs1">West, C. D. (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liquidpistonstir00west/page/7"><i>Liquid piston Stirling engines</i></a></span>. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liquidpistonstir00west/page/7">7</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-442-29237-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSwift,_G.1999" class="citation book cs1">Swift, G. (1999). <i>Thermoacoustics: A unifying perspective for some engines and refrigerators</i>. p. 300. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-735-40065-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFColin_West1974" class="citation journal cs1">Colin West (1974-08-09). "And Yet It Moves". <i><a href="New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i>. <b>63</b> (912): <span class="nowrap">530–</span>531. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fluidynes" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Fluidynes">Fluidynes</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iedu.com/Solar/Engines/Fluidyne/Fluidyne.html">Fluidyne Engines</a> (link broken - 2023-June-04)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thermofluidics.com/technology/nifte-pump/">Thermofluidics Engine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eva.fing.edu.uy/pluginfile.php/349022/mod_resource/content/3/Stirling_romanelli_AJPIAS_2019.pdf">Article by Alejandro Romanelli</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_heat_engine_technology" title="Timeline of heat engine technology">Timeline of heat engine technology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F0DC82;"><div><a href="Thermodynamic_cycle" title="Thermodynamic cycle">Thermodynamic cycle</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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